The former Ukip leader was criticised by Anthony Gardner, a banker who has run US relations with the EU for three years, who said Mr Farage had given Mr Trump a false impression of a rise in Euroscepticism.
Referring to Mr Trump's welcome for the British vote to leave the EU, Mr Gardner said: "For us to be the cheerleaders of Brexit and to be encouraging Brexit Mark 2, Mark 3, is the height of folly."
Mr Gardner said Mr Farage had written to him recently requesting a meeting. The US envoy said Mr Farage's views were the "polar opposite" of his own and he thought Farage had misled Trump's transition team on the state of the EU.
A furious Mr Farage responded: "Mr Gardner's comments are the last desperate defence of Obama's pro-EU policy.
“It is very important that Mr Trump gets rid of this type of thinking and gets with the modern work. It is clear that Trump's new team is realistic and already asking which member states will leave the EU next.
“I wrote a very courteous letter wishing Ambassador Gardner and his family a Merry Christmas, and this is the response I get.
“I was hoping to discuss the transition and the 'changes that have taken place in recent months’.”
He said he wrote to Mr Gardner on December 15.
Describing calls to EU institutions from Trump's aides in recent weeks, Gardner said: "That was the one question that was asked - basically, 'What's the next country to leave?'. Which is kind of suggesting that the place is about to fall apart."
"It's just reflective of the general perception, a misperception, a perception that Nigel Farage is presumably disseminating in Washington and it's a caricature."
He said it would be "fundamentally flawed" for the United States to ignore the EU as "dysfunctional" and instead focus on key allies like Britain and Germany.
"We should not depart from 50 years of foreign policy with regard to the EU," he said. "We should not become the cheerleaders for Brexit, particularly if Brexit appears more likely to be a hard, disorderly unmanaged Brexit."
"A hard Brexit or a fragmentation of the European market would be very bad news for American business," he added.
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